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Transition to Vitrualized Software for Live Production

presentation Glossary

AES

The Audio Engineering Society is an international professional society devoted to audio technology, disseminating new knowledge and research and publishing standards.

AES-3

AES-3 - Standard for professional digital audio.

AES67

Is a standard developed by the AES for interoperability of audio transport over IP (UDP or RTP/UDP) or Ethernet.

AI

Artificial intelligence - A field of research aimed at creating machines capable of imitating human abilities, such as thinking, reasoning, and learning.

AMQP

Queue-oriented messaging protocol used to ensure reliable exchanges in virtualized production systems.

ANC

Ancillary Data - Auxiliary data in video streams.

Ansible

Ansible is an automation tool that enables large-scale system configuration and deployment, essential for virtualized production environments.

API

In computer science, an application programming interface (often referred to by the term API for application programming interface) is a standardized set of classes, methods or functions that serves as a facade by which software offers services to other software.

API Gateway

Single entry point for API calls, managing authentication, rate limiting, and monitoring in microservices architectures.

Application and UI

Application and User Interface - Applications and interfaces to control production systems.

AV

Audio-Visual - Audio and video content used in media production.

AWS

Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a comprehensive cloud computing platform provided by Amazon, offering services such as computing power, storage, and databases on demand.

AWS EFA

Vidéo en direct ou à la demande - la diffusion en continu fait référence au contenu diffusé en temps réel sur un réseau (généralement Internet), au fur et à mesure que les événements se produisent, un peu comme les émissions de télévision « traditionnelles ».

Bandwidth

The maximum amount of data transmitted over a connection in a given amount of time

CCU

Camera Control Unit - Camera control unit used to manage camera settings in live production environments.

Chromium

Chromium - Open-source browser used for production interfaces.

CI/CD

CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery/Deployment. It’s a set of modern software development practices that automate and streamline the process of building, testing, and deploying code.

CLI

Command Line Interface - Command line interface is a user interface that allows interaction with a computer by typing text commands.

Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a model for delivering computing services over the internet, allowing users to access and use resources like servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and more—without having to manage physical hardware directly

Codec

Coder-Decoder - Audio/video compression and decompression algorithm.

Container

A container, an instance of virtualization in which the operating system kernel allows multiple instances of isolated user space. Unlike virtual machines (VMs), containers do not need to run a full operating system image for each instance. Instead, containers can run separate instances of an application within a single shared operating system.

Container platform

Container Platform - Platform to manage and orchestrate containers in production environments.

Containerization

Lightweight virtualization method that encapsulates applications and their dependencies into containers, ensuring portability and consistency in production workflows.

COTS

Commercial Off The Shelf - Refers to standard, commercially available equipment that can be used as-is without modification. A COTS solution uses non-custom hardware.

CPU

Central Processing Unit - The central processing unit is the main computing component of a computer, responsible for executing program instructions.

DI

Dependency Injection (DI) is a design pattern used in software development to achieve loose coupling between components. It allows an object to receive its dependencies from an external source rather than creating them itself.

DL - Deep Learning

A type of machine learning that uses complex artificial neural networks to learn from data.

DMA

Direct Memory Access - Direct memory access without CPU.

DMF

Digital Media Framework - Development framework for media production.

EBU

The European Broadcasting Union is a world leading alliance of public media organizations comprising 73 active members in 56 countries. The EBU publishes technical recommendations (free).

Genlock

Genlock - Video signal synchronization.

GFX

Common abbreviation for graphical elements used in audiovisual production, such as titles, animations, and overlays. In a virtualized environment, GFX functions are delivered by specialized software applications that can be dynamically orchestrated.

GPU

Graphics Processing Unit - Graphics processing unit is a processor specialized in rendering images and videos.

GUI

Graphical User Interface - Graphical user interface is a user interface that allows interaction with electronic devices through graphical elements.

HIT

Hardware-In-The-Loop Testing - Testing method that integrates real hardware into a software simulation loop, used to validate the performance of virtualized systems under near-real conditions.

Host Machine

A host machine refers to a physical or virtual computer that provides resources, services, or environments to other systems or users. It’s a foundational concept in computing, especially in virtualization, networking, and cloud environments

HPC

High Performance Computing - High performance computing for processing large data volumes.

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language - Hypertext markup language is the standard language used to create web pages.

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the set of rules for transferring files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web. As soon as a Web user opens their Web browser, the user is indirectly making use of HTTP. HTTP is an application protocol that runs on top of the TCP/IP suite of protocols (the foundation protocols for the Internet)

HTTPS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure - Hypertext transfer protocol secure is a secure version of HTTP, using encryption to protect data.

IBC

International Broadcasting Convention - International broadcasting technology convention.

IDE

An integrated development environment (IDE) is an application that provides a programming environment for developers. An IDE typically includes a code editor, automation tools, and a debugger.

Infrastructure

Information technology (IT) infrastructure is a combined set of hardware and virtual resources supporting an overall computing environment.

IP

The Internet Protocol is responsible for addressing hosts and connectivity devices for routing packets from a source host to a destination host across one or more IP networks. The 2 versions are IPv4 (IETF RFC 791) and IPv6 (IETF RFC 2460).

IP-layer 3

Internet Protocol Layer 3 - Network layer of the OSI model, used for IP routing in production networks.

IPC

Inter-Process Communication - Communication between processes in production systems.

IPS

Intrusion Prevention System - Intrusion Prevention System - Network monitoring system to prevent malicious activities. Used to protect systems.

iso record

Isolated Recording - Isolated recording of each video/audio source for flexible post-production.

JT-NM

The Joint Task Force on Networked Media, sponsored by EBU, AMWA, SMPTE and VSF has been created to help manage the transition of broadcast media infrastructures to IP network and IT-centric architecture. It has published the JT-NM Reference Architecture and maintain its Industry Roadmap (free).

JT-NM RA

Joint Task Force on Networked Media RA - Reference architecture for networked media.

Keyer

Keyer - Software or hardware to overlay graphics on video.

Kubernetes

Container orchestration platform that automatically manages deployment, scaling, and resilience of services in virtualized production environments.

LAN

A Local Area Network is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a home, university campus, a broadcasting site or an office building.

LIB Fabric

LibFabric (short for Library fabric) is a high-performance networking library designed to provide a unified, low-latency interface for communication across various types of fabric hardware—especially in High Performance Computing (HPC) and cloud environments.

Linux

Linux is, in the narrow sense, the Linux operating system kernel, and in the broad sense, any operating system based on the Linux kernel. In the broad sense, the Linux kernel was developed for PC-compatible personal computers, and was to be accompanied by GNU software to constitute an operating system. Supporters of the GNU project have since promoted the combined name GNU/Linux. Since the 2000s, the Linux kernel has been used on computer hardware ranging from mobile phones to supercomputers, and is not always accompanied by GNU software. This is particularly the case with Android, which equips more than 80% of smartphones.
The Linux kernel was created in 1991 by Linus Torvalds. It is free software. Linux distributions have been, and remain, an important vector for popularizing the open source movement.

Media Exchange

Media Exchange - Exchange of media content between different production systems.

Media Exchange Fabric

Software infrastructure that enables media functions from different vendors to exchange audio/video streams via shared memory instead of traditional streaming protocols.

Media Functions

Media Functions - Functions for processing and broadcasting media content.

ML -Machine Learning

Machine learning is a sub-category of artificial intelligence. It is a process that allows computers to improve through learning. Data analyst Arthur Samuel believes that machine learning allows computers to "learn without being explicitly programmed".

Monitoring

Monitoring - Monitoring performance and status of production systems.

MPEG2-TS

MPEG2-TS is a specific implementation of MPEG-TS using the MPEG-2 standard for video compression.

Multiviewer

Multiviewer - Displays multiple video sources on a single screen.

MVP

Minimum Viable Product - Minimal product version for rapid testing.

MXL Project

Media Exchange Layer Project - Open-source project for media exchange between software functions.

NDI

Network Device Interface - IP video protocol for live production.

NIC and MAC

The Network Interface Controller is an hardware component that connects a computer or any “networkable device” to a network. The Media Access Control address is a unique identifier assigned to the NIC. (example of Mac addr)

NiFi

Dataflow management platform used to automate data movement and transformation in production pipelines.

NMOS

AMWA NMOS stands for Advanced Media Workflow Association's Networked Media Open Specifications. It's a suite of open, standardized protocols designed to enable interoperability, discovery, connection, and control of media devices over IP networks—especially in professional broadcast and ProAV environments.

NMOS-CPP

NMOS C++ - C++ implementation of NMOS specs.

On-Premise

On-premise technology is software or infrastructure that runs on computers located on the premises (of the building) of the person or organization using the software or infrastructure. Microsoft Office Suite is an example of on-premise software, as it must be installed on the computer that runs it, unlike Office365, as it is accessible via the Internet and runs remotely.

Open Source

Open Source is a development model in which the source code of a product is made available to the public. Open Source products promote the development of collaborative communities and rapid prototyping. OpenStack and CloudFoundry are examples of open source cloud computing platforms.

Orchestration

Automation of container and virtualized service management, enabling deployment, scaling, and monitoring of audiovisual production applications.

OS

Operating System - An operating system is the main software that manages the hardware and software of a computer, allowing applications to run.

PCM

Pulse Code Modulation - Linear audio coding used in production.

PCR

The Production Control Room (PCR) is the centralized space where live production operations are managed and directed. In CBC/Radio-Canada’s vision, the PCR is evolving into a flexible, software-defined environment that can dynamically support various types of productions (radio, TV, web). The goal is to decouple studios from fixed control rooms, allowing any control room to be assigned to any production, whether on-site or remote. This approach enhances resource efficiency, reduces infrastructure costs, and increases operational agility.

Platform

In computer science, a platform is defined as a computer system on which applications run or as a base of technologies on which other technologies (such as applications) are built.

POSIX

Portable Operating System Interface - Standard for OS compatibility.

PTP

Precision Time Protocol is intended for clock synchronization between computer systems or any “networked devices” over variable-latency data networks. It achieves clock accuracy in the sub-microsecond range, making it suitable for real-time media synchronization and critical control systems. PTP v2 is defined in IEEE 1588-2008

PTS event

Presentation Time Stamp Event - Time synchronization event.

Python

Python - Programming language for production tools.

RAM

Random Access Memory - Random access memory is a type of computer memory that temporarily stores data and instructions currently in use by the CPU.

RDMA

Remote Direct Memory Access - Remote direct memory access to improve performance.

REST

Representational State Transfer - Architectural style for web services that uses HTTP methods to perform operations on resources. Promotes simplicity and scalability.

RGB

Red Green Blue - Color model for graphics and video.

RoCE

RDMA over Converged Ethernet - Direct memory access over Ethernet for high performance.

RoCEV2

RDMA over Converged Ethernet v2 - Improved RoCE version for better compatibility.

SDI

Serial Digital Interface - Digital interface typically used to transport video. Several versions exist for several video formats (SD, HD, etc.). The format is standardized by the SMPTE (SMPTE 259M, SMPTE 292M, etc.)

SDK

A software development kit (SDK toolkit or devkit) is a set of development tools that facilitate or enable the creation of applications for a given platform. Development kits typically include APIs, code samples, documentation, debuggers, and other utilities.

SHM

Shared Memory - Shared memory between processes for fast communication.

SRT

Secure Reliable Transport - Secure protocol for live video streaming.

SSO

Single Sign-On - Method that allows a user to log in to multiple systems with a single set of credentials. Simplifies access management.

ST-2110-20

SMPTE ST 2110-20 - Standard for video transport over IP.

ST-2110-30

SMPTE ST 2110-30 - Standard for transporting audio streams over IP.

Standard - SMPTE 2059

SMPTE 2059 Standard: Set of two standards (SMPTE 2059-1 and -2) defining a new approach to synchronizing audio-video signals. This approach is compatible with the PTP standard (IEEE 1588). It facilitates the interconnection between SDI transport and IP transport of professional audio-video content.

Standard SMPTE ST 2110

The SMPTE ST 2110 Professional Media Over Managed IP Networks suite of Standards specifies the carriage, synchronization, and description of separate elementary essence streams (video, audio, ancillary data) over IP for real-time production, playout, and other professional media applications. ST 2110 was built upon the VSF TR-03 work and is based on RFC 4175 for uncompressed video encapsulation, AES67 for audio and IEEE 1588-2008 PTP.SMPTE ST 2110-10: System Timing and Definitions:· SMPTE ST 2110-20: Uncompressed Active Video Encapsulation· SMPTE ST 2210-21: Traffic shaping and delivery timing of uncompressed video· SMPTE ST 2110-30: PCM Digital Audio· SMPTE ST 2210-31: AES3 Transparent Transport (About to be published)· SMPTE ST 2110-40: Ancillary data

Standard SMPTE ST-2059 Epoch

SMPTE ST 2059 Epoch - Time reference for synchronization.

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol is a standard that defines how to establish and maintain a bi-directional network conversation using a handshake scheme to achieve data transmission integrity. IETF RFC 793

Thick

Thick Client - Heavy application running locally.

UCX

Unified Communication X - High-performance communication framework.

UHD4K

Ultra High Definition 4K - 4K video resolution for high-quality production.

UI

In information technology, the user interface (UI) refers to the elements of a computer device with which a human can interact: screen, keyboard, mouse, stylus, desktop appearance, luminous characters, help messages, as well as how an application or website solicits and responds to interactions.

Ultraethernet

Ultra Ethernet - High-performance Ethernet technology for production.

VANC

Vertical Ancillary Data - Auxiliary data embedded in the vertical blanking interval of the video signal.

WAN

A Wide Area Network is understood as a computer network that extends over a large geographical distance (as in between sites of a corporation).

YUV

YUV - Video color format.

YUVK

YUVK - Video color format optimized for compression.

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